Magnificent Sufi shrine of the famous saint, an important spiritual center in Multan
The Shrine of Bahauddin Zakariya stands as one of Multan's most revered spiritual landmarks, dedicated to the famous Sufi saint Hazrat Bahauddin Zakariya, who founded the Suhrawardiyya order in South Asia. Located in the heart of Multan, this magnificent shrine complex attracts millions of devotees and visitors annually, serving as a center of spiritual devotion, cultural heritage, and architectural splendor.
Hazrat Bahauddin Zakariya (1170-1267) was a prominent Sufi saint who played a crucial role in spreading Islam in the region through peaceful means and spiritual teachings. His shrine has become a symbol of Multan's identity as the "City of Saints," reflecting the deep Sufi traditions that have characterized the region for centuries. The shrine complex includes the main mausoleum, a large courtyard, a mosque, and various auxiliary buildings that have been added over the centuries.
The architectural beauty of the shrine is remarkable, featuring the characteristic blue and white glazed tiles that Multan is famous for, intricate woodwork, and elegant calligraphy. The peaceful atmosphere within the shrine complex provides a sanctuary from the bustling city outside, offering visitors a space for contemplation, prayer, and connection with centuries of spiritual tradition.
The history of Bahauddin Zakariya's shrine dates back to the 13th century when the saint himself established a khanqah (Sufi lodge) in Multan. After his death in 1267, his disciples and followers built a mausoleum over his grave, which has since been expanded and renovated numerous times over the centuries. The original structure was relatively simple, but as the saint's spiritual influence grew, so did the grandeur of his final resting place.
During the Mughal era, the shrine received significant patronage from emperors who valued the spiritual significance of Multan's Sufi traditions. Akbar the Great visited the shrine and contributed to its maintenance, while later Mughal rulers continued to support the complex. The current architectural form largely reflects renovations and expansions conducted during the 18th and 19th centuries, though elements from earlier periods remain visible.
The shrine has survived numerous historical challenges, including Mongol invasions, changing political dynasties, and natural disasters. Each period left its mark on the complex, creating the layered historical tapestry that visitors see today. British colonial administrators documented the shrine in the 19th century, recognizing its architectural and cultural significance.
In the modern era, the shrine continues to be maintained through donations from devotees and government support. It remains an active center of Sufi practice, with daily prayers, weekly gatherings, and annual urs (death anniversary) celebrations that attract hundreds of thousands of pilgrims from across Pakistan and beyond.
Square structure with a large dome, decorated with exquisite blue and white glazed tiles, intricate woodwork, and beautiful calligraphic inscriptions.
Spacious courtyard capable of accommodating thousands of devotees, with an adjacent mosque for daily prayers and special religious gatherings.
Characteristic Multani blue tiles, woodwork with geometric patterns, marble floors, and Quranic calligraphy creating a spiritually uplifting atmosphere.
October to March for pleasant weather. The annual Urs celebration (27th of Ramadan) is particularly significant but also very crowded.
No entry fee but donations are appreciated. Proper dress code required - women should cover heads, both genders modest clothing.
Open 24 hours but most active from early morning to late evening. Friday prayers attract larger crowds.
Participate in prayers, listen to Qawwali performances, and observe the devotional practices that have continued for centuries at this sacred site.
Admire the exquisite tile work, calligraphy, and architectural details that make this shrine a masterpiece of Islamic art in South Asia.
Experience the vibrant atmosphere of devotion, with pilgrims, musicians, and vendors creating a unique cultural environment around the shrine.
Well-connected via motorway from Lahore (4 hours), Islamabad (6 hours), and Karachi (10 hours). The shrine is located in central Multan with good local transport.
Multan Railway Station is well-served with trains from major cities. From station, auto-rickshaws and taxis available to the shrine (15-20 minutes).
Multan International Airport with domestic and limited international flights. From airport, 30-40 minutes to shrine by taxi or ride-sharing services.
Another magnificent Sufi shrine located nearby, dedicated to Bahauddin Zakariya's grandson and equally important spiritually and architecturally.
Historic fort complex overlooking the city, though largely in ruins, offers panoramic views and additional historical context.
Traditional market near the shrines offering handicrafts, souvenirs, and traditional Multani products including blue pottery.
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Modest clothing essential. Women should cover heads with scarves. Remove shoes before entering shrine areas. Conservative dress shows respect.
Ask permission before photographing people. No photography during prayers. Be respectful when taking pictures of religious ceremonies.
Early morning or late afternoon less crowded. Friday prayers attract large numbers. Annual Urs in Ramadan brings massive crowds.
Multan offers rich culinary experiences around the shrine area:
Sohan Halwa (famous sweet), Multani Mutton Karahi, Saffron-infused biryani, and various kebabs reflecting the city's culinary heritage.
Food stalls around shrine area offering snacks, drinks, and traditional sweets. Better restaurants available in nearby commercial areas.
Chai (tea) stalls abundant around shrine. Traditional lassi and other cold drinks available, especially important in Multan's heat.
Hazrat Bahauddin Zakariya (1170-1267) was a renowned Sufi saint who founded the Suhrawardiyya order in South Asia. Born in Kot Karor near Multan, he traveled to Baghdad for spiritual education under Sheikh Shahabuddin Suhrawardi, the founder of the Suhrawardi order. After completing his education, he returned to Multan and established a khanqah that became a major center of Islamic learning and spirituality. His importance stems from several factors: he played a crucial role in spreading Islam through peaceful means and spiritual teachings rather than conquest; he established one of the most influential Sufi orders in the region; his descendants continued his spiritual legacy, making Multan a center of Sufism for generations; and his teachings emphasized love, tolerance, and direct personal experience of the divine. The shrine's importance reflects both the saint's historical significance and the continuing vitality of the spiritual tradition he established, attracting devotees who seek blessings, spiritual guidance, and connection with this revered spiritual lineage.
The annual Urs (death anniversary) celebration at Bahauddin Zakariya's shrine is one of the most significant events in Multan's religious calendar, typically attracting hundreds of thousands of devotees. The Urs, held on the 27th of Ramadan, commemorates the saint's union with the divine, which in Sufi tradition is not seen as an end but as a spiritual marriage with God. Key aspects of the Urs include: special prayers and Quran recitations throughout the day and night; Qawwali performances (Sufi devotional music) that create a spiritually charged atmosphere; distribution of free food (langar) to all visitors regardless of background; spiritual gatherings where devotees seek blessings; and a ceremony where the shrine is specially decorated and the saint's tomb is covered with fresh cloth. The Urs represents the living tradition of Sufism in Pakistan, demonstrating how medieval spiritual practices continue to have relevance in the modern world. It's both a religious observance and a cultural festival that brings together people from diverse backgrounds in shared devotion.
The Shrine of Bahauddin Zakariya exhibits several distinctive architectural features that characterize Multani shrine architecture: the massive square structure topped by a large dome creates an imposing presence; the extensive use of blue and white glazed tiles (kashi kari) is typical of Multan and creates the shrine's distinctive visual identity; intricate woodwork including beautifully carved doors and screens demonstrates local craftsmanship; the inclusion of a large courtyard allows for gatherings of thousands of devotees; the integration of a mosque within the complex supports daily religious functions; the use of calligraphy, particularly verses from the Quran, adds spiritual and aesthetic dimension; the strategic orientation and spatial organization facilitate the flow of large numbers of visitors; and the layered construction showing different historical periods reflects the shrine's continuous use and development over centuries. These architectural elements combine to create a space that is functionally suited to its role as a major pilgrimage site while also serving as a masterpiece of Islamic architecture in South Asia.
Yes, non-Muslim visitors are generally welcome at the Shrine of Bahauddin Zakariya, reflecting the inclusive tradition of Sufism that emphasizes universal spiritual values. However, visitors should observe certain protocols: dress modestly with women covering their heads; remove shoes before entering shrine areas; maintain respectful behavior and quiet conversation; avoid visiting during prayer times if not participating; ask permission before photographing people; be mindful that certain areas might be restricted to Muslims only; and follow any specific instructions from shrine caretakers. The atmosphere is generally welcoming to all who come with respect for the sacred nature of the site. Many non-Muslim visitors appreciate the shrine for its architectural beauty, cultural significance, and the opportunity to witness Sufi devotional practices. The inclusive spirit of Bahauddin Zakariya's teachings continues to influence how the shrine is managed, though visitors should always prioritize respect for religious sensitivities and local customs.
The Shrine of Bahauddin Zakariya is central to Multan's identity as the "City of Saints" for several reasons: it represents one of the earliest and most influential Sufi establishments in the city; Bahauddin Zakariya's spiritual lineage produced multiple other saints buried in Multan, creating a network of sacred sites; the shrine has served as a continuous center of Sufi practice for over seven centuries; its architectural prominence makes it a visual landmark of Multani spirituality; the annual Urs celebration draws attention to Multan's living Sufi traditions; the shrine's historical significance connects modern Multan to its medieval past as a center of Islamic learning and spirituality; and its continued popularity demonstrates how Sufism remains relevant in contemporary Pakistani society. Along with other major shrines like that of Shah Rukn-e-Alam (Bahauddin Zakariya's grandson), this shrine forms part of a sacred geography that defines Multan's character. The concentration of such significant Sufi shrines in one city is unusual in the Islamic world, making Multan uniquely important in the spiritual landscape of South Asia and justifying its nickname as the "City of Saints."